Everything you should know about rock climbing

Rock climbing is a popular competitive sport, as well as a recreational outdoor activity. It involves climbing natural or artificial objects. This discipline originated from alpinism, but now it is a separate kind of sport. Not only does it have a lot of fans, but also it is considered to be an Olympic discipline, since in 2020, it was included in the Summer Olympics.

Differences from alpinism

Although these disciplines might look similar, they are actually very different. For example, alpinism takes place in natural environment, whereas rock climbers are not so “fussy” about locations. Moreover, for alpinists it is crucial to reach the top of a mountain, while climbers do not always set their hearts on this: it is more important for them to cover a particular distance without mistakes. Finally, climbing does not require as much gear as alpinism.

Types of rock climbing

All varieties of rock climbing are divided into two huge categories: sports climbing and extreme climbing. The first category comprises several competitive disciplines.

• The first type involves climbing the hardest surfaces. This is the most popular kind of climbing. It is necessary to cover a difficult distance and become the first to reach the finish. Each participant has only one attempt, and the time is limited.
• Another discipline is concerned with covering various distances at the highest speed possible. It is possible to take part in individual competitions or pair races.
• Bouldering is a sport, in which competitors have to cover short distances. Their height does not usually exceed 6 meters. Such competitions require using special mats to prevent injuries in case sportsmen fall down. Completing such a race takes approximately 6 minutes.
• Sometimes sportsmen have to climb natural objects that were prepared in advance. This discipline requires using additional gear for alpinism.
• A similar variety of rock climbing involves climbing natural objects that were not prepared at all. This is one of the most dangerous disciplines in this category.
• Multi-pitch climbing involves hard work of two sportsmen who climb fixed distances.

Extreme climbing is more dangerous than the disciplines described above, as it is often done without fail-safe and usually takes place in difficult landscapes. What varieties are included in this category?

• The name of solo climbing speaks for itself, because only one sportsman has to climb natural rocks. While doing it, he or she does not use fail-safe.
• Free climbing can take place in various locations. No matter what the landscape is, sportsmen have to use only their muscular tension to climb the object.
• Buildering is another extreme discipline that involves climbing various buildings, including skyscrapers, bridges and abandoned houses.

Equipment

In contrast with alpinism, rock climbing does not require too much gear. First things first, a person needs to wear special shoes. They are made of non-slippery materials. It is advisable that the shoes are one size less than you usually wear. Secondly, there should be a special fail-safe system to prevent a person from fallings and injuries. Moreover, it is important to use magnesium. This powder helps to make the palms less slippery. In addition, a sportsman must be wearing a helmet. All equipment is available for rent, so in case you are not sure whether rock climbing is your cup of tea or not, you can rent it and, if you realize that this discipline awakes your interest, buy new equipment later.

Who can practice it?

Rock climbing is considered to be one of the most democratic sports because there are not too many restrictions. No matter how old a person is, he or she is still able to achieve outstanding results in this discipline. In addition, people of both genders can practice it. As for the height and the weight, they do not play a greater role in the success of your training. Although some people consider rock climbing to be a sport for people inclined towards adrenaline and extreme, it is not so.

Yet, there are some contraindications concerned with several injuries and diseases. For example, rock climbing is not the best choice for people who suffer from problems with their motor skills, any heart diseases or asthma. In addition, people with unstable nervous system should not practice this sport on their own.

Training

To begin with, it is necessary to learn the safety rules. There are two basics that are a must-know for every climber.

• Climbing without special gear and protection is forbidden.
• A drunk person cannot practice climbing.

Before getting on track, a person must do a thorough workout. It comprises three stages: a quick but intensive warm-up, the workout itself, and the final set of exercises aimed at increasing flexibility. It is important to include exercises for all parts of the body in these workouts.

Then the climbing training begins. It is crucial to master the technique of movement. For example, the feet must touch the surface with the sharpest part of the shoes, and be perpendicular to this surface. The arms must be straightened, otherwise a sportsman will get tired too quickly. A person must control one’s breathe and follow the rule of three points: three limbs must occupy a position on the vertical surface, whereas one limb should be free so that a sportsman will easily move to the side or move higher.

Benefits and dangers

Rock climbing is a highly beneficial sport. It has a positive impact on both the body and the mind. On the one hand, it helps train all muscles and the cardiovascular system at the same time. It is a great cardio workout, as well as a way of building muscles. Moreover, it will come in useful for people who want to work on their posture and figure. Regular practice is good for those who want to lose some weight.

On the other hand, it is beneficial for the mind. Not only does it work as a source of relaxation, it also helps to build character. People who do it regularly say that it helps them to conquer their fears and phobias and to build confidence. This sport teaches people how to work hard and set new goals. In addition, it relieves stress, which is why it is a great choice for those whose work involves experiencing many stressful situations.

History

Rock climbing appeared in the 19th century. This is when thrill-seekers from Europe decided to practice it in the mountains. In 1887, when a schoolboy from Germany covered a route called “Die Vajoletturme” , it officially became a sport in Italy, England and Germany. The first rules were established in 1947. Forty years later, in 1987, the first international organization was founded. In 1988, the first World Championship was held, and in 1990, it became an annual event. In 2007, the International Federation of Sport Climbing was founded. 68 countries joined it.

Thus, rock climbing is a discipline that fascinates many people from all over the world.